A collection of articles exploring various aspects of evolution of the human brain, with emphasis on language. The consensus appears to be that the development of language, my primary interest, dates back much further than previously believed. I am pleased that it supports my position on the antiquity of language development, in fact goes further, to homo erectus and beyond, which does not astonish me. I was particularly impressed with the clarity of thought in articles by Tom Ingold, and with the neurophysiological arguments in favor of the relatively ancient development of language. Mithen's Prehistory of the Mind and Donald's Origins of the Modern Mind provide good background for this volume, and Eccles' Evolution of the Brain provides excellent neurophysiological backup for the arguments of Ingold and others.